The Oldest Active Library Worldwide Is in a Moroccan City

Nestled in the historic city of Fez, Morocco, the Al-Qarawiyyin Library stands as a profound testimony to the enduring pursuit of knowledge and the intellectual heritage of the Islamic world. Founded in 859 AD by Fatima al-Fihri, the daughter of a wealthy merchant from Qayrawan (modern-day Tunisia), the library is part of the University of Al-Qarawiyyin. Recognized by UNESCO and the Guinness World Records as the oldest existing and continually operating higher educational institution, the Al-Qarawiyyin Library embodies the spirit of learning that has transcended centuries.

Fatima al-Fihri: A Visionary for Her Time

Fatima al-Fihri’s contribution to the intellectual legacy of the Islamic world is nothing short of extraordinary. With remarkable foresight and dedication, she used her inheritance to establish a center of learning beyond religious instruction to include a wide range of academic disciplines. Although the institution initially served primarily as a hub for religious studies, reflecting the Islamic faith of its founder, it quickly expanded to embrace a broader curriculum.

Under al-Fihri’s patronage, subjects such as grammar, rhetoric, medicine, mathematics, and astronomy were introduced. This expansion reflected the Islamic Golden Age's intellectual flourishing, where scholars sought to harmonize religious teachings with scientific inquiry and secular knowledge. The University of Al-Qarawiyyin became a beacon of learning, attracting scholars from across the Muslim world and beyond.

Architectural Grandeur and Intellectual Wealth

The Al-Qarawiyyin Library's architectural splendor is a fitting complement to its intellectual standing. The library is approximately 600 square meters (6,458 square feet) and has an exceptional collection of over 4,000 rare books and ancient manuscripts. These works cover various fields, including jurisprudence, theology, medicine, and the natural sciences, and represent the zenith of scholarly achievement during Islam’s Golden Age.

Among the library’s most prized possessions are manuscripts authored by some of the most influential philosophers and scientists of the medieval period. Works by Averroes (Ibn Rushd) and Avicenna (Ibn Sina) are particularly noteworthy. They offer insights into human physiology and philosophy that were groundbreaking in their time. These texts reflect a unique integration of theological and scientific thought, a coordination that was unprecedented among contemporary institutions worldwide.

One of the library’s most significant treasures is the manuscript of Ibn Khaldun's Muqaddimah, a work often regarded as a precursor to modern sociology. Ibn Khaldun’s analysis of history, economics, and society continues to influence scholars across disciplines, illustrating the enduring relevance of the knowledge preserved within the walls of the Al-Qarawiyyin Library. The Muqaddimah’s exploration of the dynamics of civilizations and its geopolitical insights remain foundational to our understanding of the world today.

Revitalization for the Modern Era

In recent years, the Al-Qarawiyyin Library has undergone extensive restoration efforts to preserve its historical integrity while adapting to the needs of contemporary scholars and visitors. These restorations carefully retained the library’s traditional charm and incorporated modern amenities and interactive formats that enhance accessibility and engagement.

The restoration efforts have been guided by a commitment to safeguarding the library’s cultural heritage while ensuring its continued relevance in the modern world. This delicate balance between tradition and innovation has rejuvenated the library, making it a dynamic institution that continues to inspire learning and intellectual exchange.

By bridging cultural affinities and offering diversified, multidimensional perspectives, the Al-Qarawiyyin Library remains a symbol of the intellectual vibrancy that has characterized its history. It stands as a testament to the power of knowledge to unite people across time and space, fostering a deeper understanding of our shared human heritage.

Conclusion: An Enduring Legacy of Knowledge

The Al-Qarawiyyin Library is more than just a repository of books; it is a living institution that encapsulates the spirit of inquiry and the pursuit of knowledge that has defined human progress. From its founding by Fatima al-Fihri in the 9th century to its ongoing revitalization in the 21st century, the library has played a pivotal role in shaping the intellectual landscape of the Islamic world and beyond.

As a center of learning that has withstood the test of time, the Al-Qarawiyyin Library continues to inspire scholars and visitors alike. It offers a window into the rich intellectual traditions of the past while embracing the possibilities of the future. It is a place where the past and present converge, illuminating the path forward for future generations.

References

• UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "Al-Qarawiyyin University." Accessed at: UNESCO World Heritage
• Guinness World Records. "Oldest Library." Accessed at: Guinness World Records
• BBC News. "The World’s Oldest Library." Accessed at: BBC News